fundamental frequency of closed pipe:
note: this is half the frequency of an
open pipe of same length (octave below)
open end: pressure NODE (motion antinode)
closed end: pressure antinode (motion node)
example: how long is a A1 organ pipe?
(Answ: 1.56m = 5 ft if closed pipe
vs. 3.12 m = 10 ft if open pipe)
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