(a) natural mode frequencies
of a cylindrical tube closed
at one end;
(b) upper shift of frequencies
of the lower modes caused
by replacing part of the tube
by a bell;
(c) downward shift of the
higher modes caused by
adding a mouth piece.
adjusting the natural modes of a brass instrument
itís a misconception to think of it as an open pipe!
(a)
(b)
(c)
f
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